Andrew W K Farlow
University of Oxford
Research Interests:
Global Health: Pharmaceutical research and development; global health financing and delivery; innovation and technology transfer issues in global
health settings; measurement of socioeconomic impact of health interventions; application of financial and risk management tools to global health
analysis; market, pricing, and launch strategies, especially in resource-poor settings. The approach is highly interdisciplinary and policy-orientated,
mixing science, economics, epidemiology, finance, and management practice
Financial Markets: Banking, equity, currency, and real estate; financial instability; monetary policy; bubbles
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Positions and Teaching |
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Oxford Conference on Innovation and Technology Transfer for Global Health |
Recent papers and articles
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Global Health and Neglected Disease Research and Development |
WORK IN PROGRESS:
RECENT PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH ACTIVITY IN THE AREA OF GLOBAL HEALTH:
– Farlow, A. Ijeoma Nweje, M., Matika, T., Bashir, H.A., Jalloh, M.B., Joung, S.Y., Worm Hortelano, A., (2021). Improving Access to Quality COVID-19 Vaccines using Digital, AI, and GIS tools. Covid-19 Clinical Research Coalition, available here. Includes the Abuja Principles (since submitted for PLoS Digital Health). – Farlow, A. Ijeoma Nweje, M., Matika, T., Bashir, H.A., Jalloh, M.B., Joung, S.Y., Worm Hortelano, A., (2021). Global Health Strategy Group: Antimicrobial Resistance Summary of Recent Activities – Interim Report. All recent reports of the Global Health Strategy Groups can be found here. – Farlow, A. Ijeoma Nweje, M., Matika, T., Bashir, H.A., Jalloh, M.B., Joung, S.Y., Worm Hortelano, A., (2021). Global Health Strategy Group: Antimicrobial Resistance ‘The State of AMR Data’. – Farlow, A. Ijeoma Nweje, M., Matika, T., Bashir, H.A., Jalloh, M.B., Joung, S.Y., Worm Hortelano, A., (2021). Global Health Strategy Group: Digital Health & AI for Health, First Meeting Report. – Farlow, A. Ijeoma Nweje, M., Matika, T., Bashir, H.A., Jalloh, M.B., Joung, S.Y., Worm Hortelano, A., (2021). Global Health Strategy Group: Pandemic Lessons and Future Pandemic Preparedness, First Meeting Report. – Farlow, A. (2021). Foreword. Handbook of Research on Information Management and One Health. IGI Global. – Badalyan, A. R., Hovhannisyan, M., Ghavalyan, G., Farlow, A. et. al. (2021). The Knowledge and Attitude of Physicians Regarding Vaccinations in Yerevan, Armenia: Challenges for COVID-19. Vaccines, 9. – Gruetzmacher, K., Karesh, W. B., Amuasi, J. H., Arshad, A., Farlow, A., et al., (2021). The Berlin principles on one health – Bridging global health and conservation. Science of the Total Environment, 764, 14291. The 2019 statement is available here. – Howes, M. J. R., Quave, C. L., Collemare, J., Tatsis, E. C., Twilley, D., Lulekal, E., Farlow, A. et. al. (2020). Molecules from nature: reconciling biodiversity conservation and global healthcare imperatives for sustainable use of medicinal plants and fungi. Plants, People, Planet, 2(5), 463-481. – Antonelli, A., Fry, C., Smith, R.J., Simmonds, M.S.J., Kersey, P.J., Pritchard, H.W.*, Abbo, M.S., Acedo, C., Adams, J., Ainsworth, A.M., Allkin, B., Annecke, W., Bachman, S.P., Bacon, K., Bárrios, S., Barstow, C., Battison, A., Bell, E., Bensusan, K., Bidartondo, M.I., Blackhall-Miles, R.J., Borrell, J.S., Brearley, F.Q., Breman, E., Brewer, R.F.A., Brodie, J., Cámara-Leret, R., Campostrini Forza, R., Cannon, P., Carine, M., Carretero, J., Cavagnaro, T.R., Cazar, M.-E., Chapman, T., Cheek, M., Clubbe, C., Cockel, C., Collemare, J. Cooper, A., Copeland, A.I., Corcoran, M., Couch, C., Cowell, C., Crous, P., da Silva, M., Dalle, G., Das, D., David, J.C., Davies, L., Davies, N., De Canha, M.N., de Lirio, E.J., Demissew, S., Diazgranados, M., Dickie, J., Dines, T., Douglas, B., Dröge, G., Dulloo, M.E., Fang, R., Farlow, A., et al. (2020) State of the World’s Plants and Fungi 2020. Royal Botanic Kew Gardens. – Petrikova, I., Cole, J., & Farlow, A. (2020). COVID-19, wet markets, and planetary health. The Lancet. Planetary Health, 4(6), e213-e214. – Foster, A., Cole, J., Petrikova, I., Farlow, A., Frumkin, H. (2020). Planetary Health Ethics. Planetary Health: Protecting Nature to Protect Ourselves. Myers, S., & Frumkin, H. (eds), Island Press, 453-474. – Foster, A., Cole, J., Farlow, A., & Petrikova, I. (2019). Planetary Health Ethics: Beyond First Principles. Challenges, 10(1), 14. – Lee, J. S., & Farlow, A. (2019). The threat of climate change to non-dengue-endemic countries: increasing risk of dengue transmission potential using climate and non-climate datasets. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1-7. – Farlow, A. (2019). The Natural Capital Approach: Opportunities and Challenges. Cole, J. Planetary Health: Human Health in an Era of Global Environmental Change. CABI. – A multi-country study of dengue vaccination strategies with Dengvaxia and a future vaccine candidate in three dengue-endemic countries: Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia, Jungseok Lee, Jose Lourenco, Sunetra Gupta, Andrew Farlow, Vaccine, April 2018 – Dengue vaccine supplies under endemic and epidemic conditions in three dengue-endemic countries: Colombia, Thailand, and Vietnam, Jung-Seok Lee, Jacqueline K Lim, Duc Anh Dang, Thi Hien Anh Nguyen, Andrew Farlow, Vaccine, October 2017. – A multi-country study of the economic burden of dengue fever, Jung-Seok Lee, Vittal Mogasale, Jacqueline K Lim, Mabel Carabali, Kang-Sung Lee, Kriengsak Limkittikul, Dang Duc Anh, Diana Florez, Nguyen thi Hien Anh, Arthorn Riewpaiboon, Pornthep Chanthavanich, Luis Villar, Andrew Farlow, PLoS NTD, October 2017. – An economic evaluation of vector control in the age of a dengue vaccine, C. Fitzpatrick, A. Haines, Mathieu Bangert, Andrew Farlow, Janet Hemingway, R. Velayudhan, WHO Neglected Tropical Diseases Investment for Impact Working Group, PLos NTD, August 2017. – Early Warning Signal for Dengue Outbreaks and Identification of High Risk Areas for Effective Vaccination Strategies in Colombia using climate and non-climate datasets, Jungseok Lee, Andrew Farlow, BMC Infectious Diseases, July 2017. – Signalling disease outbreaks: cost-effectiveness analysis of early warnings and response systems in the case of dengue control, Stahl, H-C, Butenschoen V-M, Sonntag D, Farlow A, , Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 4(Suppl 1), June 2016. – The economics of global health: an assessment, Oxford Review of Economic Policy (2016) 32 (1): 1-20. – Oxford Review of Economic Policy - The economics of global health, Editor of volume, Global Health & Economics, Oxford Review of Economics Policy (2016) 32 (1). – Dengue expansion in Africa-not recognized or not happening? Jaenisch T, Junghanss T, Wills B, Brady OJ, Eckerle I, Farlow A, Hay SI, McCall PJ, Messina JP, Ofula V, Sall AA, Sakuntabhai A, Velayudhan R, Wint GR, Zeller H, Margolis HS, Sankoh O (2014), Emerg Infect Dis 20. – Cost of dengue outbreaks: literature review and country case studies, Hans-Christian Stahl, Vicki Marie Butenschoen, Hien Tinh Tran, Ernesto Gozzer, Ronald Skewes, Yodi Mahendradhata, Silvia Runge-Ranzinger, Axel Kroeger and Andrew Farlow, BMC Public Health 2013 13:1048 – The global distribution and burden of dengue, Samir Bhatt, Peter W. Gething, Oliver J. Brady, Jane P. Messina, Andrew W. Farlow, Catherine L. Moyes, John M. Drake, John S. Brownstein, Anne G. Hoen, Osman Sankoh, Monica F. Myers, Dylan B. George, Thomas Jaenisch, G. R. William Wint, Cameron P. Simmons, Thomas W. Scott, Jeremy J. Farrar & Simon I. Hay – Refining the Global Spatial Limits of Dengue Virus Transmission by Evidence-Based Consensus, Oliver J. Brady, Peter W. Gethin, Samir Bhatt, Jane P. MesThe global distribution and burden of dengue, Samir Bhatt, Peter W. Gething, Oliver J. Brady, Jane P. Messina, Andrew W. Farlow, Catherine L. Moyes, John M. Drake, John S. Brownstein, Anne G. Hoen, Osman Sankoh, Monica F. Myers, Dylan B. George, Thomas Jaenisch, G. R. William Wint, Cameron P. Simmons, Thomas W. Scott, Jeremy J. Farrar & Simon I. Hay, Nature, sina, John S. Brownstein, Anne G. Hoen, Catherine L. Moyes, Andrew W. Farlow, Thomas W. Scott, Simon I. Hay – My dengue work is financed by the EU-funded International Research Consortium on Dengue Risk Assessment, Management and Surveillance. – A Review of Malaria Vaccine Candidate RTS,S/AS02A, January 2010. This will as new trial data comes out. – I recently contributed thoughts for a piece by Tatum Anderson in the British Medical Journal on Innovative Financing of Health Care. – Stop TB Partnership Working Group on New Vaccines: Task Force on Economics and Product Profiles. Meeting wrap up presentation: Gaps and Plans, Veyrier-du-Lac, October 2009. Meeting report. Meeting Executive Summary. The third meeting of the Task Force was in Oxford in the summer of 2010 and involved those in Oxford working on TB vaccines – Testimony on evaluation framework, evaluation criteria and Inventory of financing proposals for the WHO Expert Working Group on R&D Financing – Where's all the money gone? Financial crisis and global health spending: Priority setting past, present and future, Vice Chancellor's Global Health Research Forum, University of Oxford. September 2009 – Financial Meltdown and Neglected Diseases: Who will pay the price? Talk given at launch event of first G-FINDER (Global Funding of Innovation for Neglected Diseases) report, Royal College of Physicians, London, February 2009. See the video of all speakers and panel and audience discussion here. Copy of talk here – TB Vaccine Scoping Study Part 1 (Epidemiology, cost effectiveness and socioeconomic issues; Demand, revenue, adoption, pricing and cost issues) for the Task Force on Economics and Product Profiles, of the Stop TB Working Group on New Vaccines (WHO, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation), December 2008. Meeting Report. Meeting Executive Summary – TB Vaccine Scoping Study Part 2 (Lessons for TB from a selection of other vaccines) for the Task Force on Economics and Product Profiles, of the Stop TB Working Group on New Vaccines (WHO, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation), December 2008 – TB Vaccine Discussion Points for Task Force on Economics and Product Profiles, December 2008 – Stop TB Working Group on New Vaccines: Task Force on Economics and Product Profiles: Discussion Point PowerPoint for first meeting, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 11-12 December 2008 – Magnesium Sulfate for the Management of Eclampsia and Pre-eclampsia: Some Economic and Cost Reflections, PowerPoint presented in 2007, posted December 2008 following request – Childhood immunisation against varicella zoster virus: Editorial, British Medical Journal, August 2008 (or toll free link) Global Health Research Agenda, prepared following Oxford Conference on Innovation and Technology Transfer for Global Health in September 2007. The conference website, Innovation and Technology Transfer for Global Health, no longer exists and therefore the files have been given a section, below, on this webpage.
The Malaria Product Pipeline: Planning for the Future. Major report by Moran M., Guzman J., Ropars A., Jorgensen M., McDonald A., Potter S., and Haile-Selassie H. The George Institute for International Health and Global Forum for Health Research. With a colleague, Simone Ghislandi (see p. 93), we provided the portfolio simulation framework used in this report for projecting the future funding needs of the global malaria vaccine and drug pipeline, working out the gaps and how to make the pipeline more optimal. September 2007. See a ScienceDaily article about the findings of this report here.
Independent assessment of the case for investment in tuberculosis vaccines. Report prepared for Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, July 2007.This report (and associated Aeras/Gates meeting in Washington at which I presented the findings) was an independent peer review of key evidence and provision of my own evidence during the negotiations between Aeras and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation over a $200m grant, at the time the largest grant by the Foundation to a PDP (Product Development Partnership). I am told that this report was important in identifying potential commercial partners for the new MVA85A TB vaccine candidate developed at the University of Oxford (see a press release here).
A Global Medical Research and Development Treaty: An answer to global health needs? International Policy Network Working Papers on Intellectual Property, Innovation and Health, June 2007
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Global economy, real estate markets, banking, emerging markets |
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WORK IN PROGRESS:
- A follow-on book to "Crash and Beyond" is in preparation. RECENT PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH ACTIVITY IN THE AREA OF BANKING AND MACROECONOMICS:
Crash and Beyond, Chinese Edition, due summer 2018. The 5,000-word Preface (in English) will be posted here soon after publication. Book chapter "Financial Indicators and the Global Financial Crash" pp220-253, in The World of Indicators, Cambridge Studies in Law and Society, Cambridge University Press. Pub September 2015, Eds. Richard Rottenburg, Sally Engle Merry, Sung-Joon, Johanna Mugler. Crash & Beyond: Causes and Consequences of the Global Financial Crisis: Book Oxford University Press, April 2013 A early opinion piece on the global financial crisis can be found here
The Global Financial Crisis: Causes and Cures Presentation at the International Consulting Economists' Association, The Institute of Commonwealth Studies, London, February 2009 Housing, consumption, and the economy: Why do house prices become misaligned, and what are the consequences? Part Three: UK House Prices, Consumption and GDP in a Global Context January 2005. Recommended by Hamish McRae in the Independent on Sunday I am told by investment banking colleagues that this was very prescient and �got right many key points� about the subsequent financial crash. Part Three explores a range of issues key to the global financial crisis of a few years later, including: the unsustainable imbalances in global financial flows, savings, consumption and government spending, particularly with respect to the US and China but also the UK; the overly-loose monetary policy; the disregard for risk that showed up in speculative investment in mortgage and housing markets in a ragne of countries and the overuse of debt-based finance on a global scale; the dangers when the financial bubble of the late 1990s shifted from being equity-based to become debt-based in the 2000s, and the way in which it would shift then to government balance sheets (a �shifting bubble�); the precarious short-term revolving nature of much mortgage activity and the potential for financial and real economic contagion to spread to the rest of the world from problems in banking related to the property market, and the way in which this would put the US and its mortgage banking market, but also that of countries like the UK, at the centre of a global downswing; the balance-sheet nature of the ensuing economic problems as households sought to deleverage and increase their savings at the same time as governments were much more fiscally burdened too; the need in advance to hold smaller budget deficits in developed economies to help cushion this impact when it came; the particular dangers for the UK because of a growing government deficit and shrinking cushion, that made the UK particularly vulnerable when correction eventually came; the unconventional monetary policy that would be needed when standard interest rate tools could not go below zero percent; and the knife-edge balance between inflation and deflation during the recovery phase. Part Two: Bubbles and Buyers January 2004 version (updating of May 2003 version, prepared for Credit Suisse First Boston). Recommended by Martin Wolf in the Financial Times Out of the blue, in April 2010 I was told that the article by Martin Wolf in the Financial Times that outlined the key arguments of Part One and Part Two of my analysis running up to the recent financial crisis caused British Prime Minister Tony Blair sufficient concern that he asked the UK Treasury for a full briefing note. This got some coverage here: A Prime minister who knows something about the economy? (�In fact, according to some documents teased out of the Treasury ... it turns out Blair was rather more worried about the state of the economy than you might have thought�It underlines the simple fact that the Treasury under Gordon Brown was blind to the possibility that things could go horribly wrong � even within the confines of Downing Street. It turns out no-one was allowed to challenge the �end to boom and bust� trope � even Tony Blair himself�); here (which contains the Freedom Of Information request, that I knew nothing about, that led to this revelation, and also a link to the Treasury briefing); and here (the Treasury briefing, in its comments regarding first time buyers, is described as an �admission from the Treasury under Gordon Brown's reign as chancellor [that] runs counter to previous government rhetoric...etc.�). It is always reassuring to hear that people in high places get to hear about your work, less encouraging to hear that it didn�t make any difference! Part Four: Risk premia in housing markets Slightly shortened versions of the following papers appeared for Oxford Analytica:
Bubbles and Emerging Market Crises November 2003 Is the US Heading for a Fiscal Crisis? November 2003 |
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Activities
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Selected presentations, guest lectures, and meetings |
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June 2018: Oxford Global Leadership & Financial Innovation Programme (Chinese business delegates) Lecture 1: �Reflections on the Global Financial Crash: Lessons for China� Lecture 2: �Financial instability in China: how to reduce risks, based on UK experience� November 2017: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 4rd International Symposium on Challenges and New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Production (IV CNTP), opening session speech. Symposium is organized by FARMANGUINHOS, part of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ)/ Brazilian Ministry of Health March-April 2017: China lecture tour: Peking University, Beijing Normal University, University of International Business & Economics, Minzu University of China, CUPL Changping, Tsinghua University, Renmin University of China, Shandong University; University of Electronic Science & Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan; Sichuan University; Wuhan University, Huazhong University of Sciecne & Technology, Hunan University, Zhongnan Univeristy, Xiamen University, Tongji University, East China Normal University, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing Univeristy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Tianjin University, Northwest University November 2016: Institut Pasteur, Paris. Final stakeholder meeting of the IDAMS and DENFREE Consortia in collaboration with WHO-TDR. September 2015: Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar, Lecture �The Changing Global Impact of Dengue� September 2015: Thailand lecture and meetings Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok,Thailand. June 2015: 'Beyond Efficacy: The full public health of impact of vaccines in addition to efficacy measures in trials' Fondation Merieux, Veyrier-du-Lac, France (link to published article) January 2015: �Vaccination ecosystem health check: achieving impact today and sustainability for tomorrow�, Fondation Merieux, Veyrier-du-Lac, France February 2014 Mulago Hospital, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda Workshop: Translating Global health technologies, DFG Priority Program Adaptation and Creativity in Africa. June 2014: University Hospital Freiburg, Germany, Health Economics Seminar Series 'Disease mapping and vaccine cost effectiveness: Opportunities and challenges' June 2014 Freiburg, Germany, Third expert meeting on effective, affordable and evidence based dengue early warning and response. November 2013: London, Goldman Sachs SUSTAIN lunch event on ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) themes. Talk on 'Trends and innovations in global healthcare' October 2013: Oxford Tropical Network Meeting, Kilifi, Kenya. Talk 'The health and economic burden of dengue: Lessons for Africa, lessons from Africa' and workshops. September 2013: University of Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Economics 'The Financial Crash: Causes, Responses, Consequences' September 2013: Copenhagen, Denmark, 8th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health, (ECTMIH-2013) July 2013, Freiburg, Germany, TDR-WHO expert meeting. Effective, affordable and evidence based dengue early warning and response systems: toward a validated contingency plan. University of Freiberg, Germany June 2013: National Institutes of Health, Washington DC, USA, Talk and discussion: "Dengue disease mapping and the economics of vaccines: Opportunities and challenges" June 2013: Seattle, USA, Global Health metrics and Evaluation, conference. February 2013: Accra, Ghana, meeting on dengue in Africa. I am also meeting colleagues in Ghana working on efforts to scale up renal transplant surgery in Africa.
July 2012: B�ro f�r Technikfolgeabsch�tzung beim Deutsschen Budestag (TAB), Berlin. Meeting with TAB regarding a project of German and other academics (on which I am an external advisor) to advise the German Bundestag (parliament) on �innovative and alternative concepts for drug development to improve health in African countries�
November 2011onwards (most years since): Lecture for the Human and Veterinary Vaccinology of the Oxford Vaccinology Programme of the Department of Continuing Education. 2012 session to be found here. November 2011: Stockholm, European Scientific Conference on Applied Infectious Disease Epidemiology (ESCAIDE), 6-8 November. Invited plenary speech: Enhancing health and health equity through vaccination programmes, session on 'Economics and Societal Value of Vaccines'; I returned to the theme of the need for a higher-efficacy malaria vaccine goal and discussed progress on dengue vaccines. Conference sponsored by European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC) and jointly organized by ECDC, EPIET (European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology), EAN (EPIET Alumni Network), TEPHINET EUROPE (Training Programs in Epidemiology and Public Health Interventions Network). (some slides had copyright images removed before going online). October 2011: Freiberg, Germany, IDAMS meeting. June 2011: Wissenschaftscolleg zu Berlin, Colloquium (10 minute introduction, 50 minute presentation, one hour of questions) 'The Financial Crash: Causes, Responses, Consequences'. October 2011: Max-Planck-Institut f�r ethnologische Forschung, Halle, Germany, conference: 'A World of Indicators: Knowledge Technologies of Regulation, Domination, Experimentation and Critique in an Interconnected World'. Presentation 'Science, Innovation and Global Health Policy: The Evolving Role of Indicators'. May 2011: 5-day meeting at Wissenschaftscolleg zu Berlin, 'Caring for African Health Care: Reading Clinical Case Studies for Systemic Insights'. Meeting report Caring for African Health Care: Reading Clinical Case Studies for Systemic Insights (pp308-317) by Steven Feierman and Julie Livingston. October 2010-July 2011:Wissenschaftscolleg zu Berlin Focus groups: Limits to Disease Control - Failures in Disease (convened by Janis Antonovics of the Univeristy of Virgina) and Professional Dilemmas of Medical Practice in Africa (convened by Steven Feierman of the University of Pennsylvania and Julie Livingston of Rutgers University). The first focus group was a tremendous help in developing my thinking on which vaccines are more and less likely to suffer long-term declines in population-level efficacy on account of evolution, and how packages of interventions might better work given the workings of evolution. The second group encouraged me even more to develop policy that better serves the needs of those delivering medical care in resource-poor settings, and introduced me to some astonishing people who somehow mix academic thinking with medical practice and daily life in very resource-poor settings. June 2010, Oriel College Oxford. Stop TB Partnership Working Group on New Vaccines: Task Force on Economics and Product Profiles, Presentation: Financing for TB Vaccines in a Financially-Constrained World. May-June 2010 (31 May-3 June) Panama City, Panama. TDR (UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO) Disease Reference Group (DRG) on Dengue and other Emerging Viral Diseases of Public Health Importance. Stream 4: health policy research contributing to adequate public health response. Presentation: Factors Leading to Success or Failure of National Programmes and Global Funding in Dengue. 2007-2010: My approach to global health issues is highly collaborative. One objective has been to share knowledge and learning across different groups working on similar themes; good practice can therefore be picked up, shared and encouraged, and less good approaches can be avoided and replaced. Just recently, this has been extremely valuable in my thinking about TB and malaria vaccines, drugs and diagnostics in particular. The research group held in-depth meetings with the Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI); International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI); Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation; Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND); International Partnership for Microbicides (IPM); TB Alliance; PATH (Human papillomavirus, meningitis, and Japanese encephalitis vaccine teams); Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi); Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases; Sanofi Pasteur; GlaxoSmithKline; InViragen; Hawaii Biotech; Merck Vaccines; Pfizer; WHO (Immunization Vaccines and Biologicals, and Initiative for Vaccine Research); GAVI Alliance; UNICEF; Oxford Insect Technologies (OXITEC); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; Lille University; Imperial College London; Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Zoology Department, Oxford; Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Oxford; the Institute for Emergent Infections of Humans, Oxford Martin School; and other Oxford infectious disease mapping researchers. December 2010: UK Department of Health, International Division, Stakeholder meeting ahead of WHO Executive Board meeting in January 2010. 2008-2009: Encouraged by senior colleagues in the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, NIH, WHO, industry, and academia (though not the business school where I was based), I encouraged the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to finally deal with PDVI, a failing PDP based inside the IVI in Korea, that had, in the words of leading Foundation figures, wasted large chunks of the money the Foundation had given it, mismanaged and bullied many grantees, slowed the advance of a portfolio of potential dengue vaccines, held back vital economic/impact work for at least five years, and failed to sufficiently advance an access agenda for dengue vaccines. For the first time, the Foundation held a competition to replace a PDP, removed managers, and set up a new collaboration, the DVI (that included parts of PDVI). October 2009: Fondation Merieux, Veyrier-du-Lac, France. Second meeting of the Task Force on Economics and Product Profiles for new TB vaccines (WHO, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation) September 2009: Vice Chancellor�s Global Health Research Forum, University of Oxford: Presentation: ��Where�s all the money gone?� Financial crisis and global health spending: Priority setting past, present and future� March 2009: Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI), varicella zoster subgroup meeting, Department of Health, London February 2009: International Consulting Economists' Association, The Institute of Commonwealth Studies, London. Presentation: �The Global Financial Crisis: Causes and Cures� February 2009: G-FINDER (Global Funding of Innovation for Neglected Diseases), George Institute for international Health (project financed by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation) report launch meeting, Royal College of Physicians, London. Short talk and panel member December 2008: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. First meeting of the Task Force on Economics and Product Profiles for new TB vaccines, presentation (WHO, Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation) November 2008: Health Impact Fund meeting, Lincoln College, Oxford. Response presentation and panel discussion November 2008: Zoology Dept, University of Oxford, �Science and Public Health Policy� presentation and discussion October 2008: Pfizer Inc Headquarters, New York, �Global Health Access: The Challenges of Finance and Sustainability� November 2007: Organized a follow-up two-day meeting in Oxford pulling together two-dozen dengue modellers, in particular several groups in Oxford, economists, and researchers working on dengue burden of disease. June 2007: I organized and lead a day-long workshop pulling together three teams of dengue transmission modelers and several groups working on dengue economics (about 25 individuals from Switzerland, Lille, US, UK (London and Oxford)), to explore methological strengths and weaknesses, set up guidelines and standards for work on the economics of dengue vaccines, and to improve the consistency of dengue economics evidence to be used to guide vaccine introduction. The work was subsequently taken over by PDVI and then eventually DVI. May 2007: MacArthur Foundation workshop on maternal mortality, University of Oxford. Social Science convenor. Presentation: �Magnesium Sulfate for the Management of Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia: Some Economic and Cost Reflections� May 2007: WHO Geneva missions (China, South Korea, Germany, Brazil). Discussions.
November 2006: Tanaka Business School, Imperial College, London, �Brainstorming meeting on universal access to HIV medicines� (Imperial College London, Department for International Development [DfID], International HIV/AIDS Alliance, and Stop AIDS Campaign). Participant.
September 2006-December 2008: Senior Research Fellow, Sa�d Business School, Oxford. During this period I pulled together a research group of about ten people (seven full-ime and three part-time), was awarded $1.4 million in grant money, and led a $50 million bid for work on global health (which in the end nobody was granted). From 2009 my institutional focus shifted back to working with those engaging in Oxford's long-established and flourishing global health programs. June 2006: Brussels. 'Connecting the Chain: A concerted "end to end" approach to the development of drugs and vaccines against poverty-related diseases'. High-level, invitational stakeholder forum (Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership [EDCTP] and Netherlands-African Partnership for Capacity Development and Clinical Trials [NACCAP]). Invited participant 2006: I helped to build a small (three-person) research group working on how to use modern marketing techniques to reach the 'undelivered' with vaccines, and to push vaccine coverage above 90% (I argued it would help PDVI lead the field on an issue that was neglected but becoming increasingly important). This was several years ahead of its times. Four years later the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced a goal of scaling up the delivery of life-savings vaccines in developing countries to 90% coverage, and six years later the World Health Assembly of the WHO endorsed a plan to increase coverage amongst other moves. The Oxford team dispersed and moved on. May 2006: Advised TB Alliance on TB Drug Development Portfolio Figures. Analysis of Monte Carlo simulations of TB drug portfolio June 2005: Geneva, Switzerland, WHO Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health, stakeholder meeting. Participant July 2003: Oriel College, Oxford, Senior Library. During the celebrations to launch the Mandela Rhodes Foundation, organised a public lecture on �Democracy in South Africa� for Patricia de Lille, leader of the Independent Democrats, a South African political party, who along with Nelson Mandela and others had helped to write the new Constitution of South Africa. The lecture, and discussion, was attended by about 100 Rhodes Scholars of all ages, including two US Senators. Organised meetings with a range of UK government Ministers and officials and with UK groups working on HIV. |
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Other academic service, refereeing, advice, etc. |
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I try to be as generous as I possibly can be regarding the work of a very wide range of global health colleagues as we collectively explore how to improve and advance global health policy. WHO Neglected Tropical Diseases Investment for Impact Working Group: Member Adviser to a project to advise the German Parliament on 'innovative and alternative concepts for drug development to improve health in African countries' I am (just recently) working with a number of colleagues (UK, Africa, WHO) on a project on renal failure and transplantation in very resource-poor settings in Africa. The work is at a very early stage, but is emblematic of the extreme challenges, yet possibilities, of health care under extreme resource constraints. Co-organiser Oxford Conference on Innovation and Technology Transfer for Global Health (with the generous financial support of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation), and jointly in charge of conference dissemination strategy. WHO Expert Working Group on R&D Financing: Expert testimony on evaluation framework, evaluation criteria and Inventory of financing proposals of the EWG. Over the years I have promoted the notion of policy makers looking at these issues through the lenses of �risk� and �coordination� and this is reflected here. My testimony is here. Pharmaceutical R&D Policy Project, LSE (which moved to the George Institute for International Health) and the Health Policy Division of the George Institute for International Health, Australia; Help with developing modelling tools (especially portfolio analysis of malaria drugs and vaccines and thoughts on the G-Finder process, both financially supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation) and pre-publication review. Dalberg, Global Development Advisors: Advice on research into funding mechanisms and R&D incentives for malaria (funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation). Independently reviewed the IFF-Nd (International Financing Facility for Neglected Disease) proposal when it was going through HM Treasury in 2007. Academic contributor to work on extensions of the principle of the �Affordable Medicines Facility for malaria� (the financing mechanism to subsidize malaria ACTs globally implemented by the Global Fund with strong support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation) to other development topics inside and outside of global health. Advice on Fund for R&D in Neglected Diseases (FRIND). Results for Development Institute: Early help thinking through how to set up rigorous and independent analysis for a three-year project funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation titled �Assessing Innovations in Global Health R&D Policy and Financing�. Project Page here. I hope to be able to make useful further contributions as the project progresses. Office of Health Economics, London: Feedback on a selection of work, including independent peer review of R&D modelling by OHE for Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The X PRIZE Foundation: Advice on the design of a prize for effective diagnosis of tuberculosis in the developing world. Planning grant to develop the prize provided by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The World Economic Forum, i.e. �Davos�, Global Health Initiative, ''Tackling Tuberculosis: The Business Response' 2008, reviewed report for authors. I am currently heavily engaged in the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation�s efforts to improve the management and efficiency of the dengue vaccine space. Watch this space as they say!
At the moment I am working in particular with a wide range of colleagues in WHO, industry and academia on the idea of creating more rigorous and independent cost effectiveness analysis, and encouraging more decision-making capacity in countries themselves to use that analysis so that they have more influence over the funding decisions at the global level. Part of this effort involves thinking about better measurement of both inputs and health outcomes. Routledge: Economic book referee Oxford University Press: Economic book referee Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI): Peer review analysis of cost effectiveness evidence submitted to JCVI JCVI, Subcommittee on varicella zoster (chickenpox, shingles): Member
The Lancet: Academic referee PLOS Medicine: Academic referee PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: Academic Referee Health Policy and Planning (LSHTM): Academic Referee Oxford Review of Economic Policy: Academic Referee National Institute for Health Research: Research grant peer reviewer World Bank: Academic Referee Antiviral Research: Academic peer-reviewer British Council: Grant peer reviewer Centre for Global Development: insights, contributions and comments on front-loading finance into vaccines and other global health work. |
Oxford Positions and Teaching
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Positions and Teaching at Oxford |
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2015-present: Senior Fellow, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. 2015-present: Lecturer, MSc International Health & Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford and for MSc Public Health and Policy, University of Oxford 2015-present: Lecturer, Theoretical Epidemiology & Public Health undergraduate course, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford. 2014-present: Tutor, Money and Banking, Finals paper 2011-2017: Co-PI, Oxford component of International Research Consortium on Dengue Risk Assessment, Management and Surveillance (IDAMS). Department of Zoology, University of Oxford. Funder: European Commission FP7. 2011-2017: Senior Research Fellow, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford. 2010-2015: Co-PI Vaccine Design Institute, James Martin School, University of Oxford. 2006-2008: Senior Research Fellow, Sa�d Business School, University of Oxford. 2004-present: Lecturer, MSc Global Health Science, University of Oxford. 2004-present: Advising students in the Global Health Science MSc on a wide variety of thesis topics, and MBA and other students on a wide variety of projects with a global health angle. Thesis examiner. I have advised Oxford students and researchers on a wide range of global health research projects, inclduing those taking the MSc Global Health Science, MBA projects, economic thesis, etc. Recent projects have included:
As best I can, I also give feedback to students from outside Oxford who inquire about their global health research projects. For many years my slides for �Vaccine Deployment and Policies� for the Vaccinology Module of the Masters of Science (MSc) in Global Health, were only been available on Oxford's internal weblearn system. In the face of numerous requests, and as an experiment, I put the slides online (January 2013), in the hope that others will find some value in them. The materiel is sourced from all over the place; if anyone finds material that they own and object to it being shared in this way, please email me and I will amend, credit the source more comprehensively, or remove. My intention is not to offend or to take advantage, but to make a resource, that several generations of students have told me that have found very valuable, available to other students wherever they may be in the world. Slides for this are gathered in the following batches: Part 1: Overview, the global health context, Millennium Development Goals Part 3: Case studies Hep B, pneumococcal Part 4: The economics of the vaccine market, size, growth of revenues, patterns of demand Part 5: The vaccine research and development (R&D) process, and incentives Part 6: Paying for vaccines, the vaccine decision process, GAVI, GAVI and the pneumococcal challenge Part 7: GAVI resource gaps and GAVI phase 2 Part 8: GIVS (Global Immunization Vision and Strategy) Part 9: Financial sustainability, IFFIm, AMC Part 10: Pneumococcal and pandemic flu issues Part 11: Malaria vaccine demand issues
In 2004-2006, I was an Exam Moderator for the Prelims Economics component of the degrees of Philosophy, Politics & Economics, and History & Economics, at the Department of Economics, University of Oxford. Occasionally I am an M.Phil./M.Sc. thesis examiner in areas of my expertise. 2000-2006: I was Organising Tutor/Director of Economic studies at Oriel College for six years, teaching both macroeconomics and microeconomics at all levels, before concentrating on my global health research. I previously taught (microeconomics, macroeconomics, industrial organisation, banking, and finance) at several other colleges of the University of Oxford: I was Tutor for Economics at Christ Church College, St. Edmund Hall, Hertford College, Worcester College, and Keble College. I was part-time research officer for a year at Oxford's (then) Institute of Economics and Statistics. |
Recent media and public profile
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Oxford Conference on Innovation and Technology Transfer for Global Health |
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In September 2007 I helped to organise an 'inaugural' conference on innovation, technology transfer and global health, which bought together 100 hand-picked, highly diverse, key thinkers and practitioners in global health. Together with Gill Samuels, Foundation Chair of the Global Forum for Health Research, based in Geneva, I was in charge of gathering the lessons and disseminating the findings. Most of the work for write-up was done by Rachelle Harris and Sarah Miller. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation generously provided funds for thirty delegates from developing and middle-income countries so that the discussion was firmly rooted in their experiences. With the kind permission of his widow, we called these supported delegates �Sanjaya Lall Fellows� in memory of Oxford economist Sanjaya Lall. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation also generously provided funds to cover the conference write-up, website, long-term dissemination of findings, and the development of a future research agenda. The delegates met for four days in the Business School, and were housed in Oriel College. With the support of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, a purpose-built webpage was set up, subsumed under the business school website,. After this was switched off, at the end of a year, the files were transferred here for safe-keeping. If funding and logistics ever permit, a follow-on conference will be arranged and the website will be re-instated. IN MEMORY OF SANJAYA LALL: Sanjaya Lall, A primer on industrial and technological innovation MAIN CONFERENCE FILES: Conference Themes: A research agenda for the future Final Report Executive Summary List of Delegates and their Affiliations REPORTS ON INDIVIDUAL SESSIONS: Plenary Lecture by Dr Carlos Morel of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil Session 1: Dimensions of the Challenge Session 2: Strategies for Securing Product Availability and Access Session 3: The Interface of Science, Technology Transfer and Access Session 4: Partnerships in Promoting Innovation and Managing Risk (I) Session 5: Partnerships in Promoting Innovation and Managing Risk (II) Session 6: Managing Intellectual Property for Health and Agricultural Innovation Session 7: Financing for Innovation and Technology Transfer THE CONFERENCE PLENARY LECTURE: Morel, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil A SELECTION OF INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATIONS: Some of the presentations below are not password-protected. Several presentations were password-protected and are no longer available. Abboud, IAVI, USA Farlow, University of Oxford, UK Flores, Flores & Associados, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile Free, PATH, USA Ganguli, Vision-IPR, India Geraghty, Genzyme Corporation, USA Jaffe, University of Oxford, UK Lippoldt, OECD, France Madkour, Library of Alexandria, Egypt Makinde, NEPAD, Senegal Mallett, Pfizer Inc., USA Maskus, University of Colorado, USA Moran, The George Institute, Australia Morris, African Centre for GeneTechnologies, South Africa Purohit, Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd, India Rangel-Aldao, Simon Bolivar University, Venezuela Reeler, Axios International, France Satyanarayana, Indian Council of Medical Research, India Sundari, The Center for Health System and Policy Research and Development, MOH, Rep. Indonesia Towse, Office of Health Economics, UK |
Links
Oriel College, University of Oxford (Virtual Tour)
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford
Vaccine Health Economics project
Department of Economics, University of Oxford
The University of Oxford homepage (Virtual Tour of Oxford)